Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 7997;andrew.cmu.edu;Ted Anderson Received: from beak.andrew.cmu.edu via trymail for +dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr1/ota/space/space.dl@andrew.cmu.edu (->+dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr1/ota/space/space.dl) (->ota+space.digests) ID ; Sun, 17 Sep 89 20:20:31 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: Reply-To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU From: space-request+@Andrew.CMU.EDU To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU Date: Sun, 17 Sep 89 20:19:59 -0400 (EDT) Subject: SPACE Digest V10 #52 SPACE Digest Volume 10 : Issue 52 Today's Topics: NASA Prediction Bulletins Re: Economies of Scale in Launchers ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 16 Sep 89 21:01:43 GMT From: ncis.tis.llnl.gov!blackbird!tkelso@lll-winken.llnl.gov (TS Kelso) Subject: NASA Prediction Bulletins The most current orbital elements from the NASA Prediction Bulletins are carried on the Celestial RCP/M, (513) 427-0674, and are updated several times weekly. Documentation and tracking software are also available on this system. As a service to the satellite user community, the most current of these elements are uploaded weekly to sci.space. This week's elements are provided below. The Celestial RCP/M may be accessed 24 hours/day at 300, 1200, or 2400 baud using 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity. - Current NASA Prediction Bulletins #569 - Alouette 1 1 00424U 89248.90580941 0.00000220 25588-3 0 2310 2 00424 80.4625 206.2955 0022439 286.2424 73.6227 13.67189825343843 SOLRAD R/B 1 00727U 64001 A 89233.66071521 .00000210 00000-0 19076-3 0 2880 2 00727 69.9000 315.4163 0013320 5.6904 354.4356 13.93566918302217 Cos 185 R/B 1 03019U 67104 B 89246.40335202 .00004626 00000-0 31968-3 0 4251 2 03019 64.0721 226.5361 0214640 218.6761 139.8794 14.90229969116738 ATS 3 1 03029U 67111 A 89245.40893653 -.00000074 00000-0 99999-4 0 2529 2 03029 12.8356 23.5421 0016650 197.4833 162.5128 1.00272473 79918 Cosmos 398 1 04966U 71 16 A 89248.36711867 .00076392 00000-0 50544-3 0 269 2 04966 51.5379 207.1896 2486709 350.4815 5.6075 10.59292290560858 LAGEOS 1 08820U 89255.78544802 0.00000006 0 8819 2 08820 109.8408 260.0890 0044898 297.3826 62.2394 6.38664007 56226 GOES 2 1 10061U 89245.55498791 -.00000004 0 3003 2 10061 7.3520 67.2760 0005796 163.2683 196.9166 1.00266866 6156 GPS-0001 1 10684U 89246.23720147 0.00000010 10000-3 0 2104 2 10684 63.4199 98.3544 0111060 199.0912 160.6618 2.00558990 70098 GPS-0002 1 10893U 89246.69728557 -.00000027 0 358 2 10893 64.4833 339.2610 0154564 27.6820 333.1776 2.00554258 82927 GOES 3 1 10953U 89245.60707667 0.00000091 10000-3 0 7233 2 10953 6.2127 70.1443 0005993 255.5642 104.6122 1.00266054 1711 SeaSat 1 1 10967U 89254.54502317 0.00000856 34458-3 0 1614 2 10967 108.0221 105.5214 0001508 270.5257 89.5791 14.34829307586479 GPS-0003 1 11054U 89248.50347324 -.00000027 0 1035 2 11054 64.0344 335.6141 0055677 120.3146 240.2848 2.00562567 79977 GPS-0004 1 11141U 89246.10866468 0.00000010 0 2156 2 11141 63.5892 98.3250 0056419 321.0373 38.6475 2.00569341 78620 NOAA 6 1 11416U 89247.98188548 0.00000625 27767-3 0 8931 2 11416 98.5125 242.7612 0011040 231.5992 128.4211 14.25956845529279 Solar Max 1 11703U 89254.65974608 0.00130946 12587-2 0 937 2 11703 28.4981 23.2516 0002385 53.1990 307.0708 15.64990139533340 GPS-0006 1 11783U 89242.07809009 -.00000027 0 9592 2 11783 63.8305 335.4305 0142374 62.4868 299.1786 2.00569335 68486 GOES 4 1 11964U 80 74 A 89245.46268176 -.00000047 00000-0 00000 0 0 754 2 11964 5.7021 72.7960 0033325 97.8604 262.7640 0.99229438 2790 GOES 5 1 12472U 81049 A 89244.45559790 -.00000249 00000-0 99999-4 0 7521 2 12472 2.7424 79.6692 0004151 165.6280 194.8537 1.00281112 29357 SME 1 12887U 81100 A 89248.60635379 .00014383 00000-0 47070-3 0 2922 2 12887 97.6813 277.4763 0001940 3.0594 357.0694 15.31802551437451 UOSAT 1 1 12888U 81100 B 89248.34535028 .00201260 00000-0 10389-2 0 7169 2 12888 97.5382 308.2023 0001830 227.1491 133.0219 15.80567302441565 Meteor 2-08 1 13113U 89242.75180276 0.00000276 23835-3 0 6614 2 13113 82.5401 359.4903 0014145 210.6831 149.3492 13.84036589375554 Salyut 7 1 13138U 89249.64303682 0.00020036 42917-3 0 7387 2 13138 51.6081 277.6712 0001558 42.4115 317.6958 15.44750560420773 LandSat 4 1 13367U 82 72 A 89247.05408126 .00000987 00000-0 22886-3 0 865 2 13367 98.2065 309.5616 0002014 345.9180 14.2157 14.57116373379635 Meteor 2-09 1 13718U 89242.86647693 0.00000458 23543-3 0 8090 2 13718 81.2441 208.4820 0056512 145.1285 215.3613 14.13271511346102 IRAS 1 13777U 83 4 A 89247.36113783 .00000234 00000-0 18673-3 0 6738 2 13777 99.0432 83.3725 0013388 88.0184 272.2447 13.98638084 6985 Cosmos 1447 1 13916U 83 21 A 89248.31872866 .00000125 00000-0 12150-3 0 6476 2 13916 82.9421 222.6063 0036571 212.1257 147.7667 13.73947963323559 TDRS 1 1 13969U 83 26 B 89247.45416895 -.00000207 00000-0 00000 0 0 8290 2 13969 3.7672 68.0403 0001849 136.3484 224.0738 1.00269573 90218 GOES 6 1 14050U 89242.66544842 0.00000122 0 123 2 14050 1.4883 81.5392 0000727 159.3219 201.5903 1.00264722 7359 OSCAR 10 1 14129U 89243.39056916 -.00000071 0 4253 2 14129 25.9573 246.9172 6046367 72.1985 342.4579 2.05882090 18765 GPS-0008 1 14189U 89246.65318785 0.00000009 10000-3 0 6578 2 14189 63.2292 96.8873 0137481 215.1531 144.0162 2.00566140 45014 Meteor 2-10 1 14452U 83109 A 89246.41746922 .00000483 00000-0 20251-3 0 7650 2 14452 81.1621 215.1355 0093566 230.9785 128.3034 14.22303160303663 LandSat 5 1 14780U 89255.80421321 0.00002368 53453-3 0 9081 2 14780 98.1601 316.3329 0002533 359.3335 0.7850 14.57173276294321 UOSAT 2 1 14781U 84 21 B 89247.20087895 .00001334 00000-0 26358-3 0 5001 2 14781 97.9919 303.6921 0014197 72.8625 287.4132 14.63929418294103 LDEF 1 14898U 89254.45093293 0.00058517 76579-3 0 9681 2 14898 28.5059 286.3692 0002872 167.7732 192.3455 15.57184863304889 GPS-0009 1 15039U 89244.22046109 0.00000009 0 7231 2 15039 63.0046 96.2188 0015261 255.8054 104.0972 2.00563020 38245 Cosmos 1574 1 15055U 84 62 A 89248.04146586 .00000111 00000-0 10800-3 0 7770 2 15055 82.9561 272.4741 0028776 38.7975 321.5235 13.73264380260933 Meteor 2-11 1 15099U 89241.63262384 0.00000299 25967-3 0 9623 2 15099 82.5334 307.9720 0014624 35.9051 324.3085 13.83700264260275 GPS-0010 1 15271U 89246.61384702 -.00000027 0 7060 2 15271 63.3405 335.0263 0100819 321.1179 38.2150 2.00567684 35403 Cosmos 1602 1 15331U 89253.44505500 0.00001907 27269-3 0 809 2 15331 82.5333 259.7272 0024293 161.6916 198.5188 14.76001429266797 NOAA 9 1 15427U 89248.20182302 0.00000446 26408-3 0 4225 2 15427 99.1511 236.7456 0016453 88.1736 272.1316 14.12142110243741 Meteor 2-12 1 15516U 89250.07224753 0.00000135 11198-3 0 1120 2 15516 82.5331 239.6195 0014975 247.2274 112.7296 13.84158039232389 Cosmos 1686 1 16095U 89249.38426988 0.00019439 41682-3 0 3578 2 16095 51.6100 278.9443 0001699 17.8257 342.3069 15.44742656221835 GPS-0011 1 16129U 89246.76976759 0.00000010 0 3526 2 16129 63.7476 96.8585 0119509 149.6136 211.1714 2.00563326 28611 Meteor 3-1 1 16191U 89241.29747251 0.00000044 10000-3 0 8540 2 16191 82.5499 184.0515 0020842 113.7043 246.6261 13.16873384185146 Meteor 2-13 1 16408U 89249.21403040 0.00000131 10833-3 0 5274 2 16408 82.5392 155.1864 0017848 73.5811 286.7327 13.84204793186767 Mir 1 16609U 89249.63547027 0.00031517 38690-3 0 332 2 16609 51.6222 315.2957 0011380 4.5217 355.6228 15.59944796203865 SPOT 1 1 16613U 89255.81014372 0.00000563 28258-3 0 5944 2 16613 98.7328 329.2306 0000065 51.4788 308.6321 14.20033348 24563 Meteor 2-14 1 16735U 89249.78009455 0.00000180 15245-3 0 3208 2 16735 82.5387 181.5859 0014656 137.4488 222.7822 13.83952224165748 Cosmos 1766 1 16881U 89255.60737541 0.00003799 55008-3 0 7295 2 16881 82.5252 317.1647 0024100 170.5876 189.5844 14.75697112168186 EGP 1 16908U 89244.66731573 -.00000016 19435-3 0 1500 2 16908 50.0036 62.9778 0011446 178.5057 181.5897 12.44379866138931 FO-12 1 16909U 89239.90769457 -.00000025 10000-3 0 1682 2 16909 50.0165 77.8627 0011468 166.2441 193.8696 12.44400978138334 NOAA 10 1 16969U 89247.39175338 0.00000586 27622-3 0 2724 2 16969 98.6356 276.3683 0014593 24.1050 336.0807 14.23151112155200 Meteor 2-15 1 17290U 89250.00901986 0.00000142 11895-3 0 2880 2 17290 82.4660 88.1636 0014251 36.0333 324.1783 13.83757674134939 MOS-1 1 17527U 87 18 A 89248.01375205 -.00000107 00000-0 -66485-4 0 2390 2 17527 99.1433 318.7690 0001019 129.5951 230.5298 13.94866146129504 GOES 7 1 17561U 89248.31449525 -.00000108 0 3277 2 17561 0.0904 270.0987 0005511 226.0415 223.9118 1.00274731 2564 Kvant 1 17845U 89249.50741565 0.00013805 17350-3 0 8567 2 17845 51.6234 315.9395 0012310 5.0777 355.4507 15.59919667140110 DMSP B5D2-3 1 18123U 89247.49743095 .00000667 00000-0 37374-3 0 1297 2 18123 98.8227 76.9365 0015453 113.7619 246.4681 14.13530649114031 RS-10/11 1 18129U 89250.07433353 0.00000169 17507-3 0 8697 2 18129 82.9295 177.6732 0011569 177.6646 182.4549 13.72001850110620 Cosmos 1867 1 18187U 87 60 A 89248.02327970 -.00000279 00000-0 -91150-4 0 9346 2 18187 65.0130 159.7072 0018357 253.8786 106.0236 14.29399799112538 Meteor 2-16 1 18312U 89241.23984115 0.00000219 18868-3 0 3092 2 18312 82.5590 161.6658 0013090 358.9653 1.1482 13.83507180102613 Meteor 2-17 1 18820U 89249.85701664 0.00000102 86449-4 0 1481 2 18820 82.5406 215.6407 0018289 43.0665 317.1929 13.84193861 80984 DMSP B5D2-4 1 18822U 89247.43840633 .00001274 00000-0 60644-3 0 990 2 18822 98.6825 126.8476 0007285 25.6960 334.4953 14.20891095 82252 AO-13 1 19216U 89236.21624695 0.00000444 37172+0 0 467 2 19216 57.1440 193.9712 6782436 210.0914 82.4649 2.09696448 9164 OKEAN 1 1 19274U 88 56 A 89247.96270450 .00001520 00000-0 22125-3 0 4867 2 19274 82.5134 62.8457 0022106 336.0839 23.9408 14.75133416 62844 Meteor 3-2 1 19336U 89248.04655728 0.00000391 10000-2 0 2549 2 19336 82.5406 119.1811 0016361 308.3438 51.6207 13.16860890 53424 NOAA 11 1 19531U 89249.32028968 0.00000552 32672-3 0 1254 2 19531 98.9436 192.9721 0013114 8.7486 351.3911 14.11129570 48910 TDRS 3 1 19548U 88 91 B 89246.52424962 .00000131 00000-0 99999-4 0 339 2 19548 0.7754 83.1953 0003282 80.7307 196.0175 1.00282553 2570 GPS-0014 1 19802U 89 13 A 89220.85368862 .00000015 00000-0 99999-4 0 512 2 19802 55.1060 209.7420 0065501 157.9693 202.3225 2.00557432 3489 Meteor 2-18 1 19851U 89250.04403489 0.00000117 10000-3 0 713 2 19851 82.5176 94.0442 0015663 76.1209 284.1693 13.83837879 26406 TDRS 4 1 19883U 89 21 B 89235.19235439 -.00000233 00000-0 99999-4 0 272 2 19883 0.5228 74.7540 0002678 82.5566 202.6961 1.00274502 894 GPS-0013 1 20061U 89 44 A 89241.48392438 -.00000030 00000-0 00000 0 0 308 2 20061 54.6434 27.6907 0082823 165.2171 194.7883 2.00571385 1646 1989 053B 1 20123U 89231.75432927 0.00069779 81203-2 0 422 2 20123 6.2864 91.1806 7277472 210.0943 73.7243 2.30533203 890 Cosmos 2031 1 20136U 89243.76468691 0.00196451 21540-4 45172-3 0 934 2 20136 50.5464 242.9132 0093577 55.5300 305.4385 15.89273239 7105 Cosmos 2033 1 20147U 89243.78291852 0.00006950 11902-3 0 729 2 20147 65.0200 205.7781 0009228 270.8944 89.0839 15.52032816 6022 Cosmos 2034 1 20149U 89241.96222130 0.00000134 13336-3 0 329 2 20149 82.9366 61.9388 0030655 177.0031 183.1315 13.72424793 4890 1989 059B 1 20150U 89243.73571078 0.00000282 28701-3 0 490 2 20150 82.9379 60.5452 0029164 165.0123 195.1846 13.74250328 5138 TV-SAT 2 1 20168U 89248.09718997 -.00000121 10000-3 0 188 2 20168 0.1187 257.0786 0003866 313.6058 149.2733 1.00268976 222 Hipparcos 1 20169U 89248.58857001 0.00000386 10000-3 0 107 2 20169 6.9671 113.1371 7274371 199.7395 101.2318 2.29372156 654 1989 062C 1 20170U 89251.64144954 0.00001503 28817-2 0 269 2 20170 7.2787 111.2504 7248050 202.1200 96.5935 2.26009855 701 RESURS-F4 1 20175U 89256.12101202 0.00127902 62720-5 20301-3 0 683 2 20175 82.3053 114.5401 0008246 287.0622 73.0064 16.03650284 4606 GPS-0015 1 20185U 89253.91964800 0.00000015 10000-3 0 80 2 20185 54.9578 209.2868 0032311 199.4324 160.4262 2.01466376 5082 1989 064C 1 20187U 89253.68728634 0.00271454 -11957-5 92362-3 0 379 2 20187 37.7234 190.1287 6002073 219.5833 76.0022 4.16265070 966 Progress M 1 20191U 89255.78497862 0.00054304 65268-3 0 258 2 20191 51.6217 284.3542 0011853 32.4673 327.5681 15.60235667 3239 1989 067A 1 20193U 89246.13378455 -.00000191 10000-3 0 42 2 20193 0.1397 278.9648 0001788 223.6292 217.4196 1.00263308 60 1989 067B 1 20194U 89254.69634875 0.00295891 16483-2 0 226 2 20194 26.7103 29.3129 0134420 305.0304 53.7718 15.65769196 2303 1989 067C 1 20195U 89252.83177833 0.00036387 56594-2 0 148 2 20195 23.1894 135.5596 7345892 187.0939 147.4344 2.21446920 293 Cosmos 2037 1 20196U 89255.79841899 0.00000127 10000-2 0 232 2 20196 73.5701 325.1610 0026220 252.9027 106.9165 12.40435207 1962 1989 068B 1 20197U 89246.36188618 -.00000007 0 64 2 20197 73.5706 337.8219 0024798 266.3793 93.4413 12.40688658 796 1989 069C 1 20204U 89255.83759436 0.02917465 -28695-4 73131-3 0 170 2 20204 28.6019 199.3672 0527400 204.4030 153.1567 15.18114114 1303 1989 070A 1 20217U 89255.43716386 -.00000072 10000-3 0 50 2 20217 1.6359 282.1137 0068852 231.5602 129.0170 1.01164564 75 Soyuz TM-8 1 20218U 89255.65687857 0.00045611 55062-3 0 150 2 20218 51.6218 284.9801 0010281 30.8834 329.1845 15.60218572 1064 1989 071B 1 20219U 89250.05458562 0.18595508 61131-4 27120-3 0 64 2 20219 51.6447 312.9712 0005257 298.6733 61.7297 16.48498773 194 1989 073A 1 20222U 89255.61088748 0.00089145 26552-5 14500-3 0 209 2 20222 82.3082 167.2608 0007516 298.5354 61.5619 16.03232741 993 1989 073B 1 20223U 89250.85361624 0.18455113 -59887-5 33314-3 0 100 2 20223 82.3050 172.7602 0015921 109.4367 250.9435 16.46414924 236 1989 070B 1 20230U 89254.65926843 0.00044348 59823-2 0 46 2 20230 28.6650 315.7531 7412130 183.5159 164.1880 2.13595933 5419 -- Dr TS Kelso Asst Professor of Space Operations tkelso@blackbird.afit.af.mil Air Force Institute of Technology ------------------------------ Date: 6 Sep 89 13:53:17 GMT From: agate!helios.ee.lbl.gov!hellgate.utah.edu!mailrus!jarvis.csri.toronto.edu!db.toronto.edu!hogg@ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU (John Hogg) Subject: Re: Economies of Scale in Launchers In article <1989Sep5.214844.29532@utzoo.uucp> henry@utzoo.uucp (Henry Spencer) writes: [A discussion of why thrust is important at launch, while ISP dominates later, and the justification for high-molecular weight exhaust in first stages.] > >At low altitude, the crucial item on the agenda is getting up out of the >atmosphere, so that serious acceleration towards orbital velocity can start. >(Actually the transition between climb and acceleration is gradual, with >the path following an optimized curve, and wings or air-breathing engines >add further complications, but separate climb and acceleration phases is >a useful model for thinking about it all.) For the climb, high thrust >is the priority, to minimize gravity losses. Another model of this is that delta-squared-vee at launch must be large to avoid extreme drag, while later, delta-vee optimization predominates. To expand: Neglecting planet rotation, a rocket on the pad is in an orbit with an apogee equal to the planet radius, and a perigee of zero. This could be changed with a high-efficiency, low-thrust propulsion system (ion, MHD, lightsail), except for drag considerations. Namely, atmospheric drag is high, and the drag of the planet itself is (to an excellent approximation) infinite. All thrust would go into fighting this. (Of course, one person's drag is another person's thrust. Right now, you're in that same earth-radius-to-earth-centre orbit, except that the floor is constantly thrusting you back up to apogee.) This means that at a minimum, a launch trajectory must avoid regions of infinite drag (especially Miami), and it should preferably get above the bulk of the atmosphere as quickly as possible. (On an airless body, launches should be nearly horizontal, instead of wastefully starting out vertically. Does anybody know the altitude at which the Apollo LM ascent stage pitchover occurred?) That's a major orbital change in a very short time. And thus high thrust is required, at the expense of efficiency. This explanation doesn't conflict with those that talk about ``thrust left over after fighting gravity''; it explains *why* gravity must be ``fought'' at launch, but not thereafter. Some orbits are only acceptable for ICBMs and neutrino spacecraft. --- John Hogg hogg@csri.utoronto.ca Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto and People's United Popular Democratic Front for the Defence of Canada From Imperialist Expansionist Neffoids (that's who) ------------------------------ End of SPACE Digest V10 #52 *******************